Secondly, to minimize the investment and annual operational and maintenance costs of the photovoltaic–energy storage system, an optimal capacity allocation model for photovoltaic and storage is established, which serves as the foundation for the two-layer operation optimization model.
The O&M cost of a PV power generation system is contingent upon its output power, whereas the O&M cost of an energy storage system is dependent upon the number of cycles of charging and discharging.
These include PV modules, an energy storage system and controller, a grid-connected inverter, and a bidirectional meter. The PV–storage system facilitates the transfer of PV generation power to the alternating current (AC) side and the battery through the grid-connected inverter and the energy storage converter, respectively.
And the installed capacity of photovoltaic and energy storage is derived from the capacity allocation model and utilized as the fundamental parameter in the operation optimization model.
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